WHAT IS OPTICAL FIBER AND HOW DOES IT WORK?

You certainly know that optical fiber is used in Internet applications, communication or for TV connections for example, but do you really know how it works and why is it such an exceptional product in data transmission?

An optical fiber is a long flexible wire made of ultra pure glass or plastic. Optical fibers are designed using a preform made of silica (a chemical compound) heated to nearly 2000 degrees. The preform is stretched, constantly monitored by a laser micrometer which ensures that its diameter is perfectly uniform from start to finish of the fiber design.

For optical fibers

For optical fibers to transmit data over long distances, they must be highly reflective. Before being coiled, the glass fibers are coated with protective resins and heated with ultraviolet light. This layer protects against humidity because the fiber weakens on contact. This shock absorber creates a mirror effect with the fiber.

Next Steps

Optical fiber is extensively examined in a wide range of categories including tensile strength, refractive index, fiber geometry, attenuation, bandwidth, chromatic dispersion, operating temperature, ability to operate in contact with water … After having been tested and meeting all standards, it is sold in fiber optic cabling.

 

Depending on the type of application and the amount of data transmitted, an optical fiber cable can be constructed with one or more optical fibers. To assemble a fiber optic cable, the fiber bundle is surrounded by a flexible PVC tube. The PVC is then covered with a thin layer of Aramid, a polymer with ultra-tensile fibers, and then with a final PVC coating to seal in moisture.

Transmit Data Signals

For the optical cable to transmit data signals, it must be connected to two other main components. The first is an optical transmitter, a device that converts analog and electrical signals into linear light signals and then transforms them into data. Then the cable transmits the data transmitted by the optical transmitter to the optical receiver which restructures the data in its initial form.

Unlike coaxial cabling, fiber optic cabling can transmit more data with less loss, can sustain the signal over long distances, has little risk of corrosion, and is not prone to interference.

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